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自我是人类个体与动物相区别的本质特征，是人类个体行为的动力源泉。心理科学对自我的研究主要是两个方向：一是自我结构的研究，通过对自我结构要素的分析来认识自我的本质，并为自我的操作性研究指明方向；二是自我的发展研究，探索人类个体自我的发展进程及影响的主要因素，以期为儿童个体教育发展提供理论依据。
Self is the essential feature of the distinction between human beings and animals and is the source of power for the individual behavior of human beings. Psychological science research on self is mainly in two directions: one is the study of self-structure, through the analysis of self-structure elements to understand the nature of self, and for the self-operability of research pointed out the direction; Second, self-development and exploration The development process of human individual self and the main factors that affect the development of human beings, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of individual child education.