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采用双列杂交法分析水稻杂种优势.用杂交水稻研究中具有代表性的8个品种,按所有可能成对杂交,对配成的28个组合进行田间重复试验,评估产量及其构成因子等性状.结果表明,所考察6个农艺性状在各组合间总体平均数差异显著;6个农艺性状一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差达到极显著水平,即表明所研究性状同时受加性效应和非加性效应控制;从8个亲本6个农艺性状的一般配合力效应值(gi)分析可得出,同一亲本不同性状其gi值不同,同一性状gi值在不同亲本间亦有很大差别;从28个组合的特殊配合力效应(Sij)可得出,特殊配合力在同一组合不同性状间以及同一性状不同组合间存在显著差异.一般配合力与特殊配合力在多数组合中表现一致,但也有例外,是由于双亲杂交具有很强的非加性效应所致.在产量构成要素中,单株实粒数表现为最高杂种优势,其次是有效穗数,而千粒重优势最小.
Double hybridization was used to analyze the heterosis of rice.The 8 representative hybrid rice cultivars were used in this study, and all the possible pairs of crosses were crossed to evaluate the yield and its components in 28 combinations The results showed that there were significant differences in the overall average of the six agronomic traits between the three combinations; the variance of the general combining ability and the special combining ability of the six agronomic traits reached the extremely significant level, which indicated that the trait was affected by both the additive effect and the non- It can be concluded from the analysis of the general combining ability effect (GIA) of 6 agronomic traits in 8 parents that the gi value of different traits in the same parent is different, and the gi value of the same trait in different parents is very different. The results showed that there was significant difference in the special combining ability among different traits of the same combination and in different combinations of the same combination from the special combining ability effect (Sij) of 28 combinations.The general combining ability and special combining ability showed the same in most combinations, There are also exceptions due to the strong non-additive effect of the parents’ crosses.In the yield components, the number of true grains per plant is the highest heterosis, followed by the effective number of spikes The minimum grain weight advantage.