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中国是食管癌(esophageal carcinoma，EC)发病率及死亡率最高的国家之一。在EC的进展中，肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages，TAMs)在肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment，TME)的作用下分化为M1和M2巨噬细胞，M1巨噬细胞主要发挥抗肿瘤作用，M2巨噬细胞分泌大量的细胞因子、趋化因子、金属蛋白酶等免疫调节因子影响巨噬细胞分化和免疫抑制的过程，促进上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition，EMT)，同时还能通过促进肿瘤血管及淋巴管生成等途径影响EC进展的各个方面。因为传统治疗方案的局限性，我们亟需为EC的治疗开发新的方案，因此研究TAMs在EC发病起始及进展中的作用具有重要意义。“,”China is one of the countries with the highest incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer(EC). Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) differentiate into M1 and M2 macrophages under the action of tumor microenvironment(TME) in the progression of EC.M1 macrophages mainly play an anti-tumor effect.M2 macrophages secrete a large number of immunoregulatory factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteinases which can affect macrophage differentiation and immunosuppression, and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT). At the same time, M2 macrophages can affect all aspects of EC progress by promoting tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.Because of the limitations of traditional treatment options, we need to develop new treatment options for EC.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the role of TAMs in the initiation and progression of EC.