目的探讨基层医院小儿气管异物的临床诊断要点及误诊原因。方法回顾性分析我院2001年12月-2012年9月诊治的经CT或气管镜证实的小儿气管异物32例,分析并总结其临床特点及误诊原因。结果小儿气管异物好发于1-2岁儿童,临床表现多以咳嗽、喘息为主要表现,无明确病史14例(43.8%);32例小儿气管异物中,误诊8例,诊断准确率为75.0%;误诊的原因分别为病史不明确8例(100.0%)、影像误诊6例(75.0%)、体格检查不仔细(50.0%)。结论基层医院小儿气管异物中,有相当部分无明确病史;对于反复咳嗽、喘息患儿,应考虑到气管异物的可能。在基层医院,由于辅助检查条件的限制,影像学检查为阴性并不少见,基层儿科医生耐心、仔细的询问病史及体格检查是预防误诊的关键。 Objective To investigate the main points of diagnosis and misdiagnosis of pediatric tracheal foreign bodies in primary hospitals. Methods A retrospective analysis of 32 cases of pediatric tracheal foreign bodies confirmed by CT or bronchoscopy in our hospital from December 2001 to September 2012 was retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features and the causes of misdiagnosis were analyzed and summarized. Results Pediatric tracheal foreign body occurred in 1-2-year-old children. Most of the clinical manifestations were cough and wheezing. There were no definite medical history in 14 cases (43.8%). In 32 cases of pediatric tracheal foreign body, 8 cases were misdiagnosed, the diagnostic accuracy was 75.0 %. The reason of misdiagnosis was unclear in 8 cases (100.0%), misdiagnosis in 6 cases (75.0%) and physical examination (50.0%). Conclusions There are no definite history of pediatric tracheal foreign body in primary hospital. For children with recurrent cough and wheeze, the possibility of tracheal foreign body should be considered. In primary hospitals, due to the limitations of laboratory examinations, it is not uncommon for imaging tests to be negative. Primary pediatricians are patient and careful medical history and physical examination are the keys to preventing misdiagnosis.