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随着工业化、城市化的快速推进,人类在争霸科技利益和物质世界的欲望驱动下,凭借手中的先进的科学技术,向自然界进行着无尽索取。资源的过度消耗造成了自然生态链的断裂。中国在30年工业化的高速进程中,也未能幸免于生态环境的恶化。环境污染引发的恶性事件接连不断,越来越多的人群承受着污染的后果。环境社会学关注生态环境与人类社会之间的关系,关注环境问题背后的社会关系,从社会结构、体制特征等角度探索环境问题的社会影响和社会成因。本期环境社会学专题由一组笔谈和三篇论文构成。洪大用认为建设有特色的中国环境社会学,需要理论自觉;王晓毅从知识和权力结构的社会学角度分析中国农村环境问题,认为农村的本土知识逐渐让位于外来知识以及外界力量在农村取得越来越强的支配权力是导致农村环境恶化的重要原因。陈阿江使用“社会行动”这个最基本的社会学概念透视中国水污染问题,分析社会制度、历史文化对水污染这一不当社会行动的影响,并结合深层的社会结构和文化,提出解决水污染问题的策略;张玉林着重分析中国环境抗争的独特性,指出中国的环境抗争在微观和宏观层面上都缺少组织,村庄作为环境抗争的主体呈现出分裂和孤立无援的状态,而作为抗争对象的企业往往是高度统一的组织体,且通常具有权力背景;桥晴俊构建了环境控制系统及环境政策发展逻辑阶段理论,结合日本环境治理的经验,认为要重建工业社会中人类社会与自然和谐共处的关系,必须在经济系统中建立环境控制系统及其干预,形成强有力的环保集群以促进环境问题在经济系统中的内部化;包智明的论文介绍了日本环境问题的分期以及日本环境问题研究的本土社会学理论:受害圈/受益圈理论、受害结构论、生活环境主义、社会两难论、公害输出论和环境系统控制论,就中国目前的环境问题而言,这6种理论都有借鉴意义;罗亚娟以中国一个村庄中农民环境抗争的经验为个案,对处于地方情境下的农民环境抗争历程进行细致、深入的展现,分析农民环境抗争的特点以及农民环境抗争结果背后的社会原因。这些研究对于认识中国环境问题的深层社会成因以及解决中国环境问题,具有学术意义。
With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, under the impetus of hegemony in the interests of science and technology and the material world, mankind has made endless demands of nature with the advanced science and technology in hand. The excessive consumption of resources has caused the break of the natural ecological chain. In the course of 30 years of rapid industrialization, China has not been spared the deterioration of the ecological environment. The vicious events caused by environmental pollution continue one after another, and more and more people are exposed to the consequences of pollution. Environmental sociology pays attention to the relationship between ecological environment and human society, pays close attention to the social relations behind environmental problems, and explores the social influence and social causes of environmental problems from the perspectives of social structure and institutional characteristics. This issue of environmental and social sciences consists of a series of written and three essays. Hong Dagong thinks that building a distinctive Chinese environmental sociology requires theoretical self-consciousness. From the sociological point of view of knowledge and power structure, Wang Xiaoyi analyzes the rural environmental problems in China, believing that rural indigenous knowledge gradually allows foreign knowledge and external forces to be acquired in rural areas More and more dominant power is an important reason for the deterioration of the rural environment. Chen Ajiang uses the most basic sociological concept of “social action” to see the issue of water pollution in China, analyze the influence of social system and history and culture on inappropriate social actions of water pollution, and put forward solutions to water problems through deep social structure and culture Zhang Yulin focuses on the analysis of the uniqueness of environmental protests in China. He points out that China’s environmental protections lack organizations both at the micro and macro levels. As the main body of environmental protests, the state of the environment shows fragmentation and isolation. As a target of resistance Enterprises tend to be highly unified organizations, and often have a power background; bridge Ching-Jun built environmental control system and environmental policy development logic stage theory, combined with Japan’s environmental governance experience, that the reconstruction of industrial society, human society and nature in harmony , We must establish an environmental control system and its intervention in the economic system so as to form a strong environmental cluster to promote the internalization of environmental issues in the economic system. The paper by Bao Zhi-ming introduces the phases of Japan’s environmental problems and the study of Japan’s environmental issues Local Sociological Theory: Victims Circle / Benefit Circle Theory Harm structure theory, living environmentism, social dilemma, pollution output theory and environmental system cybernetics, all of these six theories have reference significance for the current environmental problems in China. Luo Yajuan used the experience of peasant environmental protest in a Chinese village As a case study, the peasant’s environmental protest process under the local situation is demonstrated in detail and deeply. The characteristics of peasant environmental protest and the social reasons behind peasant environmental resistance are analyzed. These studies are of academic significance for understanding the deep social causes of China’s environmental problems and solving China’s environmental problems.