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拿破仑三世为巩固其统治，在对内对外政策上积极支持天主教会的活动。另一方面，法国天主教会为获取远东护教权，积极扩大在华传教势力。因此，１９世纪上半叶法中关系表现为传教利益高于商业利益。两次鸦片战争期间，随着法国工业革命的展开，国势增强，国际地位日渐上升，法国力图打开中国大门的要求愈益迫切。但清政府实施“教禁”政策，与法国的殖民企图相抵触，加之中国民众的反抗，矛盾日趋激化。“马神甫事件”的发生，法国正好以此宗教纠纷为借口，与英国共同挑起第二次鸦片战争，以达到殖民侵略的目的
In order to consolidate its rule, Napoleon III actively supported the Catholic Church in its internal and external policies. On the other hand, the French Catholic Church has actively expanded the missionary forces in China in order to obtain the right of far-sea care education. Therefore, the French-Chinese relations in the first half of the 19th century showed that missionary interests outweigh commercial interests. During the two Opium Wars, with the launching of the French industrial revolution, the country’s situation was strengthened and its international status was on the rise. The demand of France to open its door to China became increasingly urgent. However, the Qing government’s implementation of the “education-prohibition” policy contravened the French colonial attempt. In addition, the opposition of the Chinese people intensified the conflicts. In the incident of “the horse priest”, France took this religious dispute as an excuse to jointly stir up the second Opium War with Britain for the purpose of colonial aggression