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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类新的、非编码的、内源性小RNAs,可以通过抑制蛋白质翻译、剪切mRNA调节靶基因的表达。通过应用RNA反义抑制剂、点突变、转基因和特异性引物,研究特定miRNA在肿瘤发生中的作用;应用Northern blotting分析、Real-time PCR、miRNA芯片比较表达谱差异,了解特异性miRNAs的表达是上调还是下调,可以对miRNA在肿瘤发生中的作用进行研究。越来越多的研究表明,miRNAs参与了包括肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、脑肿瘤及白血病在内的多种肿瘤的发生、发展。MiRNAs在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用主要表现为3个方面:①有些miRNA基因可能起着癌基因的作用,调节细胞的增殖、凋亡;②有些miRNA基因则可能起到抑癌基因的作用;③一些致瘤病毒编码的miRNA也可能参与相关肿瘤的发生,细胞miRNA可能在致瘤病毒生命活动周期中扮演重要角色,而病毒自身为了在宿主细胞中成功存活,也必定会反过来调节细胞miRNA的表达,参与肿瘤发生。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of new, non-coding, endogenous small RNAs that regulate the expression of a target gene by inhibiting protein translation and cleaving the mRNA. To study the role of specific miRNAs in tumorigenesis by applying RNA antisense inhibitors, point mutations, transgenes and specific primers. To understand the expression of specific miRNAs by Northern blotting analysis, real-time PCR and miRNA microarray comparison of expression profiles Whether up-regulated or down-regulated, can study the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis. More and more studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumors including liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, brain tumor and leukemia. MiRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis and development in three aspects: (1) Some miRNA genes may play an oncogene role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis; (2) Some miRNA genes may play a role in tumor suppressor genes; ③ Some oncogenic virus-encoded miRNAs may also be involved in the development of related tumors. Cell miRNAs may play an important role in the life cycle of oncolytic viruses, and the virus itself must, in turn, be able to regulate cellular miRNAs in order to survive in host cells The expression, involved in tumorigenesis.