论文部分内容阅读
根据课题组对中国主要作物病害抗药性监测、抗药性分子机理和有关杀菌剂抗性治理进行研究的结果，发现中国小麦赤霉病菌对苯并咪唑类杀菌剂已存在田间抗性，并证实禾谷镰刀菌在室内可发生频率为１０－６～１０－８的多菌灵抗药性变异；苏、沪等地的果、蔬灰霉病菌、水稻恶苗病菌以及北方甜菜褐斑病菌已普遍发生对多菌灵的抗药性，多菌灵在部分田块失去了防效。南方单、双季稻区已存在抗异稻瘟净的稻瘟病菌群体，其中广西平南抗药菌株占自然群体比例高达９１．７％，与克瘟散存在交互抗性和部分菌株对稻瘟灵存在交互抗性。但并未发现稻纹枯病菌对井冈霉素产生抗药性。抗药性的机制研究表明，三唑醇抑制Ｎｅｕｒｏｓｐｏｒａｃｒａｓｓａ甾醇脱甲基酶活性，ＲＩＰ突变菌株增加对三唑醇的排泄作用，药剂在菌株体内积累减少而降低对靶标酶抑制作用；抗三唑醇Ｕｓｔｉｌａｇｏｍａｙｄｉｓ麦角甾醇营养缺陷体，在无甾醇条件下长期培养能恢复△７甾醇合成和正常生长及增加对三唑醇的敏感性；大麦云纹病菌对多菌灵的抗性则因菌体β－微管蛋白与多菌灵亲和性下降；水稻白叶枯病菌对噻唑类杀菌剂的敏感性可能与无毒基因有关。并提出了治理抗药性的措施，特别是施用新合成的高效、广谱种子消毒剂浸种灵（ＴＨ－８?
According to the research group’s research on the monitoring of drug resistance of major crop diseases in China, the molecular mechanism of resistance and the control of fungicide resistance, we found that there exists field resistance to the benzimidazole fungicides in China, Fusarium venenatum can occur in the indoor frequency of 10-6 ~ 10-8 carbendazim resistance mutations; the Soviet Union, Shanghai and other places of fruit, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Northern Beet Pathogen has been common Carbendazim resistance, carbendazim in some fields lost control effect. In southern single and double cropping rice regions, there is a population of M. grisea isolates resistant to iso-blast, in which the resistant strains in Pingnan of Guangxi accounted for 91.7% of the natural population, cross-resistant to gram-blast and some isolates of rice Plague there is interactive resistance. However, it was not found that Rhizoctonia solani developed resistance to validamycin. The mechanism of drug resistance showed that triadimenol inhibited neurosporacrassa demethylase activity, RIP mutant strain increased excretion of triadimenol, and the drug accumulation decreased in the strain and decreased the inhibition of target enzyme. Anti-triadimefon Ustilagomaydis Ergosterol auxotrophs, long-term culture in the absence of sterols can restore △ 7 sterol synthesis and normal growth and increase sensitivity to triadimenctyl alcohol; Carbendi pathogen resistance to carbendazim due to bacterial β-micro Tube protein and carbendazim affinity decreased; bacterial susceptibilities to the thiazole fungicide may be related to non-toxic genes. And put forward the measures to control resistance, especially the application of newly synthesized high efficiency, broad-spectrum seed disinfectant soaking Ling (TH-8?