论文部分内容阅读
作为美国政治生态的一种特殊存在,利益集团的身影出现在美国政治决策的方方面面。在2009年《美国清洁能源与安全法案》(ACES法案)众议院投票过程中,利益集团通过政治献金显著影响了议员对ACES法案的投票结果。在围绕ACES法案的众议院投票博弈中,不同利益集团的政治献金行为模式存在差异,传统产业利益集团倾向于将政治献金重点集中在与自己同属“新能源法案”反对阵营的共和党众议员,以稳定己方阵营;而新兴产业利益集团政治献金的主攻方向也对准共和党众议员,试图拉拢与瓦解敌对阵营;公共利益集团则倾向于把有限的政治献金用于笼络与自己立场更一致的民主党众议员。ACES法案的投票结果显示,美国能源政策的制定其实是国会中各种力量共同博弈的结果。在一定程度上可以说,众议员不过只是各利益集团通过政治献金方式操纵的傀儡。当然,出于连任考虑,所属地区选民与选票也是众议员投票需要考虑的重要因素,因此,众议员不得不在利益集团的政治献金和本选区的利益之间做出权衡和妥协,以实现各方利益的共赢。
As a special existence of the political ecology in the United States, the interests of interest groups appear in all aspects of American political decision-making. During the 2009 House of Representatives vote on the Clean Energy and Security Act of the United States of America (ACES Act), interest groups significantly influenced the votes of legislators on the ACES bill through political contributions. In the voting of the House of Representatives around the ACES Act, there are differences in the patterns of political contributions between different interest groups. Traditional interest groups tend to focus their political contributions on the Republican counterparts who belong to their opposition to the New Energy Bill, In order to stabilize one’s own camp; while the emerging industry interest groups political contributions also targeted the main Republican Rep., Trying to draw and disintegrate the hostile camp; public interest groups tend to limit the political contributions to win over with their position more consistent Democrats Rep. The ACES bill’s voting results show that the formulation of the U.S. energy policy is actually the result of a common game between various forces in the National Assembly. To a certain extent, it can be said that members of the Congress are only puppets who are manipulated by various interest groups through political contributions. Of course, for second term, voters and ballots in their respective constituencies are also an important factor to be considered in the voting of Rep. Members. Therefore, Rep. Members have to make trade-offs and compromises between the political contributions of interest groups and the interests of this constituency Win-win benefits.