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目的了解甘肃省流行性腮腺炎的流行现状和流行病学特征,探索防治的措施。方法采用描述性研究方法,利用甘肃省法定传染病报告系统和公共卫生突发事件报告系统的腮腺炎疫情资料进行回顾性的分析。结果2004-2006年共报告腮腺炎病例16 490例,年平均发病率为21.19/10万。全年每月均有发病,发病有明显的季节性,每年的春末夏初和冬季为两个发病高峰。青少年为腮腺炎的高发人群,10~15岁发病率最高。甘肃省的中部、东南部地区发病率普遍高于河西地区。腮腺炎发病有明显的职业特征,学生和儿童为高发群体。男、女性别比平均为1.56∶1。腮腺炎暴发疫情占全省丙类传染病突发事件的53.64%,占暴发总病例数的35.26%。腮腺炎暴发农村地区明显高于城市地区。结论腮腺炎已成为危害儿童、青少年健康的主要传染病之一,而且发病呈急剧上升的趋势。建议制定腮腺炎疫苗接种的免疫策略,在腮腺炎流行季节来临前在易感人群中开展预防接种,提高其免疫水平。在托幼机构、中小学校及时启动晨检制度,开展健康教育。建立建全疫情报告制度,加强监测工作,有效的控制流行性腮腺炎疫情。
Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Gansu Province and to explore measures for prevention and control. Methods A descriptive method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of mumps by using the legal infectious disease reporting system and the public health emergency reporting system in Gansu Province. Results A total of 16 490 mumps cases were reported from 2004 to 2006, with an average annual incidence of 21.19 / 100,000. There is a monthly incidence throughout the year, the incidence of seasonal obvious, the annual spring and early summer and winter peak incidence of the two. Adolescent mumps high incidence of people, 10 to 15 years old the highest incidence. The prevalence rates in central and southeastern regions of Gansu Province were generally higher than those in Hexi. Mumps has obvious occupational characteristics, students and children are high risk groups. Male and female than the average ratio of 1.56: 1. Outbreak of mumps accounted for 53.64% of the total number of outbreaks of type C infectious diseases in the province, accounting for 35.26% of the total number of outbreaks. Mumps outbreaks were significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Conclusions Mumps has become one of the major infectious diseases that endanger the health of children and adolescents, and the incidence is rising sharply. It is advisable to develop an immunization strategy for mumps vaccination and to carry out immunization in susceptible populations before the onset of the mumps epidemic season to increase their immunity. In nurseries, primary and secondary schools promptly start the morning inspection system and carry out health education. Establish a complete system for reporting the epidemic situation, strengthen monitoring and effective control of the epidemic of mumps.