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西方近代哲学对人与自然关系的理论把握，是古希腊自然哲学对人与自然矛盾关系 的观念的进一步发展。培根和笛卡尔开创了机械论自然观的先河，在这种自然观中，人作为主体 上升为人与自然关系矛盾的主要方面，但自然却沦为被动的存在。德国理性主义哲学则带有原始 的浪漫主义色彩，德国古典哲学家意图重新融合入与自然、主体与客体，寻求一种完美的普遍性、 统一性。然而由于对人与自然关系矛盾本质理解的偏差，德国古典哲学从浪漫主义经由思辩主义 走向了自我终结。自然哲学中人对自然的认知需求与情感需求的矛盾，以新的方式延续在当代西 方哲学中。
The theoretical grasp of the relationship between man and nature in modern Western philosophy is the further development of the concept of the contradiction between man and nature in ancient Greek philosophy of nature. Bacon and Descartes pioneered the concept of a mechanistic view of nature, in which man as a subject rose to the main aspect of the contradiction between man and nature, but naturally he became passive. German rationalist philosophy takes the original romanticism. The German classical philosopher intends to reintegrate into nature, subject and object, seeking a perfect universality and unity. However, due to the deviation of understanding of the contradictory nature of the relationship between man and nature, the German classical philosophy went from romanticism to self-termination through speculation. In natural philosophy, the contradiction between human cognitive needs and emotional needs of nature continues in a new way in contemporary Western philosophy.