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鸦片战争后，自然经济结构的瓦解，民族机器棉纺织业“突发式”的产生，以及乡村棉织业的发展，１９世纪末２０世纪初的清末民初时期，棉纺织业成为跨手工业和民族机器工业的“两栖”行业，成为早期工业化进程中二元模式的典型。二元模式中既存在着竞争，也存在着互补，但互补构成两者间关系的主导面。从原始工业化到工业化的过渡具有渐进性和渐近性，后发现代化国家在进行工业化建设的同时必须抓住这个规律，坚持走移植与嫁接并举的二元工业化道路。
After the Opium War, the collapse of the natural economic structure, the “sudden” emergence of the national machine-cotton textile industry, and the development of cotton industry in the country and village, the cotton textile industry became a cross-handicraft industry and nation during the late Qing and early Republican China in the late 19th and early 20th centuries The “amphibious” industry in the machine industry has become typical of the dual model in the early industrialization process. There are both competition and complementarity in the dual model, but complementarity constitutes the dominant facet of the relationship between the two. The transition from primitive industrialization to industrialization is gradual and asymptotic. After the discovery of the industrialized construction in the modernized countries, we must seize this law and stick to the dualistic path of industrialization accompanied by grafting and grafting.