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目的 研究综合性干预措施对居民骨密度值 (BMD)及骨质疏松 (OP)患病率的影响 ,为OP的防治提供科学依据。方法 用整群随机抽样方法从上海市卢湾区 30～ 86岁健康人群中抽取5 98例为研究对象 ,将他们随机分为干预组和未干预组。要求干预组居民平时适当运动、合理营养 ,多食含钙、含VitD较高的食物等 ,干预时间为 3年 (2 0 0 0年 3月～ 2 0 0 3年 3月 )。两组居民均采用美国Lunar公司生产的双能X线骨密度仪测试L2 4和髋部的BMD ,然后进行统计、比较与分析。 结果干预组和未干预组骨量峰值 (PBM)均出现在 30～ 39岁 ,前者PBM值显著高于后者 (P <0 0 5 ) ;干预组所有部位BMD值均高于未干预组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,原发性OP患病率干预组显著低于未干预组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 综合性的干预措施和加强健康教育、合理营养和运动 ,可提高青春期居民的骨峰值 ,对4 0岁以上中老年人可以减少其骨量丢失和减缓原发性OP的发生。
Objective To study the effects of comprehensive interventions on the residents’ bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of OP. Methods A total of 598 cases from 30 to 86-year-old healthy population in Luwan District of Shanghai were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into intervention group and non-intervention group. The residents in the intervention group were required to exercise regularly, rationally, eat more foods containing calcium and higher vitamin D, and the intervention time was 3 years (March 2000 ~ March 2003). Both groups of residents used the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry developed by Lunar Company in the United States to test the BMD of L2 4 and hip and then conduct statistics, comparison and analysis. Results The bone mass peak (PBM) of the intervention group and the non-intervention group all appeared in 30-39 years old, the former PBM value was significantly higher than the latter (P <0.05); the BMD of all the intervention groups were higher than those of the non-intervention group P <0 05). The prevalence of primary OP in intervention group was significantly lower than that in non-intervention group (P <0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive interventions and health education, rational nutrition and exercise can increase the peak bone mass of adolescents, reduce the bone loss and slow down the occurrence of primary OP in the elderly over 40 years old.