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脱髓鞘疾病是一类以髓鞘脱失为主要特征的神经系统疾病。脱髓鞘疾病可严重影响患者生活质量,并且目前鲜有令人满意的治疗方法。少突胶质细胞前体细胞(oligodendrocyte precursor cells,OPCs)是存在于中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中,具有迁移、增殖及分化为成熟少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocytes,OLs)能力的前体细胞。OLs是CNS中的成髓鞘细胞,因此OPCs与CNS中髓鞘的发生和损伤后再生都密切相关。近些年对OPCs发育和分化分子基础研究的深入直接推动了利用多能干细胞定向分化以及体细胞谱系重编程等手段获得OPCs的进步,使OPCs移植成为可能治疗CNS脱髓鞘疾病的新方法。本文对近些年的相关研究进行了综述。
Demyelinating diseases are a group of neurological diseases characterized mainly by demyelination. Demyelinating diseases can seriously affect the quality of life of the patient and there are few satisfactory treatments available at present. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are present in the central nervous system (CNS) and have the ability to migrate, proliferate and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) Precursor cells. OLs are myelinated cells in the CNS, so OPCs are closely related to the occurrence of myelin and post-injury regeneration in the CNS. In recent years, the research on the molecular basis of the development and differentiation of OPCs has directly promoted the progress of OPCs using the directional differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and somatic cell lineage reprogramming, which makes OPCs transplantation a new method that may treat demyelinating diseases of CNS. This article reviews the related research in recent years.