目的　提高对艾滋病所致的进行性多灶性白质脑病的认识以及引起临床重视。方法　报告 1例证实的艾滋病所致进行性多灶性白质脑病患者的临床表现、实验室及影像学特点。结果　患者神经系统表现为高级神经活动障碍 ,双侧锥体束损害 ,左侧偏身感觉减退。血清抗HIV抗体阳性。脑脊液检查正常。MR双侧额叶、右侧颞叶深部白质内均见斑片状、指状信号影 ,T1W低信号 ,T2 W高信号 ,病灶无强化。结论　艾滋病可引致进行性多灶性白质脑病 ,临床易误诊漏诊 ,应及时行有关检查及时确诊 Objective To raise awareness of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by AIDS and to attract clinical attention. Methods One patient confirmed the clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging features of patients with progressive multifocal encephalopathy due to AIDS. Results The neurological manifestations of patients with advanced neurological disorders, bilateral pyramidal tract damage, left partial body sensory loss. Serum anti-HIV antibody positive. Cerebrospinal fluid examination was normal. MR bilateral frontal lobe, right temporal lobe white matter were seen within the plaque, finger-like signal, T1W low signal, T2W high signal, no enhancement of the lesion. Conclusion AIDS can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, misdiagnosis of clinical missed diagnosis should promptly check the timely diagnosis