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类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis，RA)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，该病可引起不可逆转的关节畸形，早期诊断和治疗可延缓疾病的进展。瓜氨酸化、氨甲酰化、氧化及乙酰化是蛋白质翻译后修饰产生的新表位，B细胞针对这些新表位发生免疫应答而产生相应的自身抗体。文章就抗瓜氨酸蛋白抗体(anti citrulline protein antibodies，ACPA)、氨甲酰化抗体，氧化型II型胶原抗体、乙酰化抗体在RA实验室诊断中的作用进行综述，以期为RA早期标志物识别和疗效指标评价提供一定的依据。“,”Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, which can cause irreversible joint deformity.Early diagnosis and treatment can delay the progress of the disease.Citrullination, carbamylation, oxidation and acetylation are new epitopes produced by post-translational modification of proteins.B cells respond to these new epitopes and produce corresponding autoantibodies.This review summarized the role of anti citrulline protein antibodies(ACPA), carbamylation antibody, oxidized type II collagen antibody and acetylation antibody in the laboratory diagnosis of RA.