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由于缺乏标准的分类和识别方法,航空管制物质易被当作普通货物进入航空运输环节,给航空运输带来安全隐患。通过分析航空管制物质的定义,确定影响此类物质分类的危害性,包括麻醉性、催泪性质、恶臭性质、急性毒性(经口、经皮肤、吸入)、严重眼损伤或眼刺激、呼吸或皮肤敏化作用、特定目标器官毒性、吸入危害性等;在全球化学品统一分类和标签制度中健康危害分类评估指导原则的基础上,建立统一的航空管制物质的分层式分类程序,并给出识别方法和标准、数据来源及其处理方式;归纳总结航空管制物质的种类,并以两个恶臭物质为例讨论分类识别过程。结果表明:本文提出的航空管制物质的分类程序和识别方法能够很好地指导航空管制物质的分类识别工作,对保障航空运输安全和防恐工作具有重要意义。
Due to the lack of standard classification and identification methods, air traffic control materials are easily used as general cargo to enter the air transport links, posing a potential safety hazard to air transport. By analyzing definitions of air traffic control substances, identify the hazards that affect the classification of such substances, including nausea, teardrops, stench properties, acute toxicity (oral, transdermal, inhalation), severe eye damage or eye irritation, respiratory or skin Sensitization, specific target organ toxicity, inhalation hazard and so on. On the basis of the guidelines for classification and assessment of health hazards in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, a unified classification procedure for air traffic control substances is established and given Identification methods and standards, data sources and treatment methods; summarized the types of air traffic control substances, and two malodorous substances as an example to discuss classification and identification process. The results show that the classification procedures and identification methods of air traffic control substances proposed in this paper can guide the classification and identification of air traffic control substances well and are of great significance for ensuring the safety of air transport and preventing terrorism.