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流动分配在采出水回注作业中起重要作用。当注水层位含有独立的水力单元(能够吸收部分或全部注水量)时,这些水力单元可能被不渗透阻挡层、页岩分隔开,或者这些水力单元的最小水平应力不同。正常操作条件下,在一个或更多水力单元内产生的裂缝不连通,裂缝增长依赖于另一些水力单元中裂缝增长或阻碍的位置,裂缝增长成为与这两种情况有联系的问题。裂缝阻碍可能是由于裂缝中的固体和油沉积造成的,会堵塞裂缝尖端并且损害裂缝面。堵塞将减小能得到的裂缝实际总长度。如果对此不加以考虑或进行设计,将会导致无效波及或无法控制的裂缝增长。本文论述了用于解决这些问题的设计和监测标准,从与时间有关和与时间无关的观点评述了一些常用工具软件及其相关的重要参数或变量。以下几个方面值得关注:损害机理、悬浮固体总量(TSS)和水包油(OIW),以及这几个方面对把注水量分布变为逐渐与时间有关的现象的影响。最后,以两个矿场实例介绍了该模型的应用效果。
Flow distribution plays an important role in the recovery of produced water. When the injection horizon contains separate hydraulic units that can absorb some or all of the water, these hydraulic units may be separated by an impermeable barrier, shale or the minimum horizontal stresses of these hydraulic units are different. Under normal operating conditions, the fractures created in one or more hydraulic units do not communicate and the fracture growth depends on where other fractures in the hydraulic unit grow or hinder. Crack growth is a problem linked to both cases. Fracture obstruction may be due to the deposition of solids and oil in the fracture that can clog the fracture tip and damage the fracture surface. Blockage will reduce the actual total length of cracks that can be obtained. Failure to take this into account or design will result in ineffective or uncontrollable crack growth. This article discusses the design and monitoring standards that are used to address these issues, and reviews some commonly used tools and their associated vital parameters or variables from a time-related and time-independent perspective. There are several aspects of concern: damage mechanisms, total suspended solids (TSS), and oil-in-water (OIW), and the impact these have on changing the waterflood distribution to gradually time-related phenomena. Finally, the application of the model is introduced with two examples of mines.