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对国内外煤矿安全事故的成因进行回顾。通过理论与实践研究发现,影响我国煤矿矿难发生的各项因素只是表象,其更深层次的原因是体制层面的问题。分别从计划经济体制、市场经济体制以及双重体制角度对我国煤矿矿难的成因进行分析,指出计划经济体制导致了煤矿企业积极性不高和安全投入不足;以市场资源配置和利益驱动为导向的市场经济体制使得煤矿企业人才严重缺乏、超能力生产严重、安全管理不严和违规操作频发;双重经济体制共同作用引致了我国煤矿行业的监管不力。针对体制对我国煤矿带来的问题,分别从管理机制、安全投入、福利待遇和监管体制等方面给出治理煤矿矿难的政策建议和意见。
The causes of coal mine accidents at home and abroad are reviewed. Through theoretical and practical research, it is found that the various factors that affect the occurrence of coal mine accidents in our country are only appearances. The deeper reason is the problem at the institutional level. From the point of view of planned economy system, market economy system and double system system, this paper analyzes the causes of coal mine disaster in China, points out that the planned economy system leads to the low enthusiasm of coal miners enterprises and insufficient investment in safety; the market economy driven by market resource allocation and profit-oriented The system makes the serious shortage of talents in coal mining enterprises, serious production of super-capacity, unscrupulous safety management and frequent illegal operations; the dual economic system has led to the ineffective supervision of China’s coal mining industry. In view of the problems brought by the system to the coal mines in our country, this paper gives the policy suggestions and opinions on the management of coal mines from aspects of management mechanism, safety investment, welfare treatment and supervision system.