目的　检测泌乳期母乳中神经节苷脂成分 ,并评价其生物学意义。方法　应用高效薄层色谱法对 6 8份母乳标本进行了检测。结果　母乳中总神经节苷脂结合唾液酸含量为 7 8～ 10 4μg/ml。在母乳中检测出 4种神经节苷脂 ,分别为GM3、GD3、GX1及GX2。GX1及GX2为新发现的神经节苷脂 ,对GA1抗体呈阴性反应 ,推测其可能为C 通路神经节苷脂。GM3与GD3为主要神经节苷脂 (占总量 5 0 %～ 6 5 % )。GM3在分娩后第 8天时明显增高 ,GD3则明显降低。随分娩后天数增加GM3与GD3变化有显著性。结论　母乳中存在GM3、GD3、GX1及GX2 4种神经节苷脂 ;GM3与GD3的含量随分娩后天数增加变化有显著性 Objective To detect ganglioside components in breast milk during lactation and to evaluate its biological significance. Methods Sixty-eight breast milk samples were tested by high performance thin layer chromatography. Results Total ganglioside-bound sialic acid in breast milk was 78 ~ 104μg / ml. Four kinds of gangliosides were detected in breast milk, namely GM3, GD3, GX1 and GX2 respectively. GX1 and GX2 are newly discovered gangliosides, which are negative for GA1 antibody, suggesting that they may be C-ganglioside. GM3 and GD3 as the main ganglioside (accounting for 50% ~ 65% of the total). GM3 was significantly increased on the 8th day after childbirth, and GD3 was significantly decreased. The changes of GM3 and GD3 with the increase of days after delivery were significant. Conclusions There are four kinds of gangliosides GM3, GD3, GX1 and GX2 in breast milk. The contents of GM3 and GD3 in breast milk vary with the days after delivery