目的　总结小儿阴囊急症手术或非手术治疗的可行性。　方法　回顾生研究 5 2 6例小儿阴囊急症患者的临床资料和诊疗经验。睾丸附件扭转 36 8例 (70 .0 % ) ,急性鞘膜炎 49例 (9.4% ) ,睾丸扭转 42例 (8.0 % ) ,急性附睾炎 19例 (3 .5 % ) ,急性阴囊感染 18例 (3 .4% ) ,阴囊血肿 18例 (3.4% ) ,睾丸炎 6例 (1.1% ) ,特发性阴囊水肿 6例 (1.1% )。前 4种常见疾病共 478例 ,占 90 .9%。住院前误诊 2 2 3例 (4 2 .4% )。　结果　急诊手术探查 473例 (89.9% ) ,术中发现扭转附件部分或全部坏死 ,鞘膜增厚 ,睾丸扭转者中 33个 (33/ 42 )睾丸梗死 ,术后疼痛症状减轻 ,肿胀消退。　结论　小儿阴囊急症的正确诊断和治疗十分重要 ,应积极行手术探查。 Objective To summarize the feasibility of surgical or non-surgical treatment of pediatric patients with scrotal urgency. Methods A retrospective study of 526 cases of pediatric patients with scrotum emergency clinical data and experience in diagnosis and treatment. There were 368 cases (70.0%) of testicular appendages, 49 cases (9.4%) of acute scleritis, 42 cases (8.0%) of testicular torsion, 19 cases of acute epididymitis (3.5%) and 18 cases of acute scrotal infection (3.4%), scrotum hematoma in 18 cases (3.4%), orchitis in 6 cases (1.1%) and idiopathic scrotal edema in 6 cases (1.1%). The first 4 common diseases were 478 cases, accounting for 90.9%. Twenty-three cases were misdiagnosed before hospitalization (42.4%). Results 473 cases (89.9%) were diagnosed by emergency operation, 33 cases (33/42) of testicular infarction were found in the torsion accessory part or all necrosis, thickening of the sheath and the testicular torsion. The symptom of postoperative pain relief and swelling subsided. Conclusion The correct diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with scrotum is very important. Surgical exploration should be actively carried out.