德国法定医疗保险以国家法律监督下的自治管理、统一制度下的多元保险机构为基本组织原则,一个多世纪以来运转平稳而有效。伴随着人口结构、经济增速等制度运行的内外部环境的变化,德国法定医疗保险在市场竞争性和国家干预性同时强化的趋势下,迈向更加高效、有序和集中化的新型自治管理模式。该组织体制的固有设计符合社会保险制度本身所要求的权利与义务相结合、劳资责任的平衡共担,以及与政府及市场保持一定距离的逻辑,同时在发展进程中尊重并顺应本国文化历史传承和现实国情的变化,不断进行着调整和优化。这是德国医疗保险制度百余年来保持相对稳定和理性、并得以持续发展的重要原因。 The statutory medical insurance in Germany is based on the principle of self-management under the supervision of national laws and the multiple insurance institutions under the unified system. It has operated steadily and effectively for more than a century. With the changes in the internal and external environment such as population structure and economic growth, the German statutory medical insurance is moving toward a new type of self-government that is more efficient, orderly and centralized under the trend of intensified market competition and state intervention. mode. The inherent design of the organizational system is in line with the rights and obligations required by the social insurance system itself, the balance of labor and capital responsibilities, and the logic of maintaining a certain distance from the government and the market. At the same time, it respects and complies with the cultural heritage of its own country in the development process And the real situation of the country, continue to adjust and optimize. This is an important reason why the German medical insurance system has remained relatively stable and rational over the past hundred years and has been able to sustain its development.