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中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1.定语从句的功用和结构
2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达也常常要用到定语从句。
一、定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village.
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二、关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语、宾语、定语,关系副词做状语。
1. 做主语:关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 做宾语。例如:
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 做定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中做定语。例如:
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 做状语。例如:
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人,在定语从句中做主语。例如:
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。例如:
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中做定语。例如:
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物,在定语从中做主语或宾语。例如:
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。例如:
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间,在定语从句中做状语。例如:
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点,在定语从句中做状语。例如:
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
四、关系代词 whom, which 的特殊用法
whom和which在定语从句中做介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面。例如:
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years.
五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况
① 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词。例如:
All that he said is true.
② 先行词被only, no, any, all等词修饰。例如:
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
③ 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
④ 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。例如:
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
⑤先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况
① 在非限制性定语从中。例如:
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
② 定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导,先行词是物。例如:
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
练习
1. —Who is the man ______ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.
A. heB. thatC. whomD. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. whoB. whichC. theyD. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. whoB. whomC. heD. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. whenC. where D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. thatB. whichC. whereD. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where
12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in whichB. thatC. whoseD. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier
Zhou once lived and worked.
A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when
答案
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B
1.定语从句的功用和结构
2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达也常常要用到定语从句。
一、定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village.
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二、关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语、宾语、定语,关系副词做状语。
1. 做主语:关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 做宾语。例如:
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 做定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中做定语。例如:
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 做状语。例如:
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人,在定语从句中做主语。例如:
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语。例如:
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中做定语。例如:
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物,在定语从中做主语或宾语。例如:
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中做主语或宾语。例如:
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间,在定语从句中做状语。例如:
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点,在定语从句中做状语。例如:
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
四、关系代词 whom, which 的特殊用法
whom和which在定语从句中做介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面。例如:
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the roomwhich we had lived in for ten years.
五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况
① 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词。例如:
All that he said is true.
② 先行词被only, no, any, all等词修饰。例如:
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
③ 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
④ 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。例如:
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
⑤先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况
① 在非限制性定语从中。例如:
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
② 定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导,先行词是物。例如:
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
练习
1. —Who is the man ______ was talking to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.
A. heB. thatC. whomD. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. whoB. whichC. theyD. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. whoB. whomC. heD. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. whenC. where D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. thatB. whichC. whereD. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where
12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in whichB. thatC. whoseD. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier
Zhou once lived and worked.
A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when
答案
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B