梁启超是中国近代史上最早译介马克思主义的代表人物之一,同时也是极力公开反对社会主义的国学大师。在梁启超看来,由于不具备经济条件,没有工人阶级以及不适合革命等原因,中国不能走社会主义道路。梁启超的论说彰显了国学与马克思主义的内在紧张关系,即经学与科学的对立、天下与社会的对立、民本与民主的对立。 Liang Qichao was one of the earliest representatives of Marxism in modern Chinese history, and was also a master of Chinese learning who strongly opposed open socialism. According to Liang Qichao, China can not take the socialist road because of its lack of economic conditions, its working-class absence and its inappropriateness for revolution. Liang Qichao’s theory highlights the inherent tension between Guoxue and Marxism, that is, the confrontation between science and science, the confrontation between the world and society, and the contradiction between people-based and democracy.