家庭是社会的细胞。房屋是家庭居住的场所。房屋的变化是家庭人口与结构变化最重要的证据。史前社会房屋形态的演变就是当时家庭组织变化的真实反映。在这一过程中,世界各地在史前时代常常发生房屋结构的一个大的变化,或许暗示着一种家庭结构的变化。但这种变化在各地区是有区别的,它们所起的作用也是不同的。这些差别制约着各地文化发展的进程以及血缘与地缘在社会中所起的作用。本文将就出自两河流域、日本、美国西南部和中国比较典型的房屋进行比较分析,从中了解各地史前社会家庭形态发展的过程和特点。 Family is the cell of society. Housing is a place where families live. Housing changes are the most important evidence of changes in family demographics and structures. The evolution of prehistoric social housing patterns is a true reflection of the changes in family organization at the time. In this process, a large change in the structure of the home often occurs in prehistoric times throughout the world, perhaps suggesting a change in the structure of the family. However, this change is different in all regions and their role is also different. These differences constrain the process of cultural development in various places and the role of blood and geography in society. This article will compare and analyze the typical houses from the two rivers, Japan, the southwest of the United States and China to understand the process and characteristics of the development of the prehistoric social family patterns in different places.