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微波消融治疗四肢骨肿瘤已有三十余年历史。近年来，随着认识水平的提高、微波设备的改进及临床应用的拓展，微波消融技术被广泛应用于骨肿瘤的治疗。为了更好地规范微波消融技术在四肢骨肿瘤临床治疗中的应用，总结微波消融治疗四肢骨肿瘤的研究成果和临床经验，特制定本临床指南。旨在通过循证医学的方法，从经皮微波消融四肢骨肿瘤和术中微波消融四肢骨肿瘤两个方面，对适应证、术前评估与决策、围手术期处理、并发症等临床问题提供可靠的依据，从而规范治疗流程，提高微波消融四肢骨肿瘤的临床疗效。指南共形成推荐意见22条，第1条至第6条为经皮微波消融治疗四肢骨肿瘤的推荐意见，具体内容包含经皮微波消融四肢骨肿瘤适应证的选择、影像引导技术、麻醉技术、微波消融参数及治疗目标；第7条至第20条为术中使用微波消融治疗四肢骨肿瘤的推荐意见，具体内容包含术中微波消融四肢骨肿瘤适应证的选择、消融原则、消融技术、消融并发症及其他需要关注的问题；第21条至第22条为微波消融设备的选择与应用。“,”Microwave ablation has been used in the treatment of bone tumors of extremities for more than 30 years. Recently, with the improvement of recognition level in microwave equipment and its clinical application, microwave ablation technology has been widely used in treating bone tumors. In order to standardize the application of microwave ablation technology for limb bone tumors, we summarized the current evidence and clinical experience of microwave ablation in treating limb bone tumors, and developed a clinical practice guide. The purpose of the present guideline was to provide reliable recommendations about indications, preoperative evaluation, decision-making, perioperative treatment, complications and other issues via evidence-based medicine. The guideline was developed in two aspects of percutaneous microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities and intraoperative microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities. Thus, it could standardize the treatment process and improve the clinical effects of microwave ablation in treating bone tumors in extremities. The guidelines included a total of 22 recommendations. Recommendations 1 to 6 were used for percutaneous microwave ablation of limb bone tumors, including the selection of indications, image-guided technology, anesthesia technology, microwave ablation parameters and treatment objectives. Recommendations 7 to 20 were used for intraoperative microwave ablation of limb bone tumors, including the selection of indications, ablation principles, ablation techniques, ablation complications and other associated issues. Recommendations 21 to 22 were about the selection and application of microwave ablation equipment.