世界体系理论是历史社会学家华勒斯坦于20世纪70年代提出的关于资本主义兴起后区域互动分析的架构。其后许多历史学家及考古学家为了将其应用在前资本主义社会而衍生出不同的修正,使得理论的定义逐渐模糊且具争议。本文由理论的角度出发,厘清华勒斯坦原始的世界体系理论与其他学者的异同,试图界定该理论的适用范围,以及应用在考古学上必须注意的问题。接着笔者使用修正过的世界体系理论,分别从政治、军事、经济及意识形态四种不同的权力关系出发,重新解读东周时期的巴楚关系。 The world system theory is the framework put forward by historical sociologist Wallace Stan in the 1970s on the analysis of regional interaction after the rise of capitalism. Since then, many historians and archaeologists derive different amendments in order to apply them to the pre-capitalist society, making the definition of the theory gradually blurred and controversial. This article, from the perspective of theory, clarifies the similarities and differences between the original world system theory of Wallerstein and other scholars, attempts to define the scope of application of the theory and the problems that must be paid attention to in applying archeology. Then I use the revised theory of the world system, starting from the four different power relations of politics, military, economy and ideology, to re-interpret the Bachu relationship in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.