捐纳,常常被解释为“卖官”。但严格地说,在明清时期的捐纳制度下买卖的并不是官位或官职,而是做官的资格。本文首先概观性地介绍明清以前卖官鬻爵的历史,其次介绍关于捐纳问题研究的学术史,然后就捐纳问题研究中存在的几点问题谈谈作者本人的意见,最后说明作者研究捐纳制度在明清时期社会流动方面所产生的作用问题后得到的一点心得。通过对捐纳制度问题的研究,可以看它与科举制度之间既存在着对立,也存在着千丝万缕的联系。通过这一研究,可以发现具有如此负面影响的制度,能够在几百年里始终存在的制度和社会原因。 Donate, often interpreted as “selling officer ”. Strictly speaking, it is not the official position or the official position that is traded under the system of donations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but the qualification of being an official. This paper first introduces the history of the princes before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, then introduces the academic history of the research on the donation issue, and then talk about the author’s own opinions on some problems in the study of the donation issue, and finally shows the author’s research on the system of donation A little bit of experience gained after the issue of the role of social mobility in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Through the study of the system of donation, we can see that there exists both the opposition and the inextricable link with the imperial examination system. Through this study, we can find the institutional and social causes that have such a negative impact over the centuries.