目的:探讨分米波促进周围神经急性损伤康复作用的机制。方法:选取体重200—250g健康SD大鼠30只,随机分成A(分米波治疗组)、B(空白对照组)两组。于右侧大腿制备坐骨神经急性损伤模型。A组于术后第1天至术后8周,损伤局部行分米波辐射,B组行空白对照。分别于术后不同时相对损伤神经进行大体解剖、光镜和电镜观察、轴突图像分析、免疫组织化学检测。结果:形态学观察术后不同时相内A组损伤神经恢复情况优于B组,免疫组织化学染色显示术后不同时相A组雪旺细胞中S-100蛋白表达水平高于B组,轴突图像分析A组有髓神经纤维数目、直径及髓鞘厚度均大于B组(P<0.01)。结论:分米波能通过抑制炎性反应、减轻损伤后神经的充血水肿及与周围组织的粘连、促进雪旺细胞增殖等机制促进周围神经急性损伤后的康复。 Objective: To explore the mechanism of decimeter effect on rehabilitation of acute peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Thirty healthy SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into two groups: A (decimeter wave treatment group) and B (blank control group). Preparation of Acute Sciatic Nerve Injury Model on the Right Thigh. A group from the first postoperative day to 8 weeks after surgery, local injury sub-wave radiation, B group blank control. At the same time, the relative injured nerves were dissected at different time points after operation. Light and electron microscopy, axon image analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed respectively. Results: Morphological observation revealed that the recovery of nerve injury in group A was better than that in group B at different time points. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of S-100 protein in group A was higher than that in group B In the sudden image analysis, the number of myelinated nerve fibers, the diameter and the thickness of myelin sheath in group A were higher than those in group B (P <0.01). Conclusion: The decimeter wave can promote the recovery of acute peripheral nerve injury by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction, alleviating the congestive and edema of the nerve after injury, blocking the adhesion with surrounding tissues and promoting the proliferation of Schwann cells.