目的　了解陕西省新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)接种现况和影响接种的因素。方法　于2 0 0 3年8～9月,采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法调查了全省82 2名适龄儿童。结果　全省HepB首针及时接种率、全程接种率、全程及时接种率分别为6 4 . 4 %、6 7 .6 %、6 1. 2 % ;不同经济水平地区儿童HepB首针及时接种率、全程及时接种率差异均有非常显著或显著的统计学意义;家中和医院出生儿童HepB首针及时接种率、全程接种率、全程及时接种率差异均有非常显著的统计学意义。HepB全程及时接种儿童家长乙肝相关知识知晓率高于未全程及时接种儿童家长;首针未及时接种的主要原因是不知道要接种占4 7 .86 % ;家长获得HepB接种信息的主要来源于医生占71 .4 %～96 .6 %。结论　提高住院分娩率和儿童家长乙肝相关知识知晓率,尤其是注重医务人员和儿童家长的人际交流均是提高HepB接种率的重要措施。 Objective To understand the status of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) inoculation and the factors influencing vaccination in Shaanxi Province. Methods From August to September 2003, stratified multistage random sampling method was used to investigate 82 2 school-age children in the province. Results The timely vaccination rate, full vaccination rate and prompt vaccination coverage of HepB in the whole province were respectively 6.44%, 6.76% and 6.12%. HepB first-dose timely vaccination rate, There was a significant or statistically significant difference in the timely inoculation rate throughout the entire study period. There was significant difference in the timely vaccination rate, full vaccination rate and prompt vaccination rate of HepB among the children born at home and in the hospital. HepB throughout the timely inoculation of children with hepatitis B knowledge-related awareness of children is higher than the full inception of children vaccinated in time; first needle is not timely inoculation is not known to be vaccinated accounted for 47.76%; parents receive HepB vaccination information mainly from the doctor Accounting for 71.4% ~ 96.6%. Conclusions The improvement of hospital delivery rate and awareness of hepatitis B related knowledge among parents of children, especially focusing on interpersonal communication between medical staff and parents of children, are all important measures to increase HepB vaccination rate.