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矿山开采引起了矿区生态环境恶化,进行植被恢复是解决矿区生态破坏问题的有效措施。采用野外调查和室内分析相结合,对昆阳磷矿采空区人工恢复林地的土壤养分进行研究。结果表明:恢复林地的土壤呈酸性;10龄及以下的恢复林地间土壤养分含量无显著差异,10龄及以下的恢复林地与25龄恢复林地间差异则达显著水平;25龄以上的林地土壤有机质含量接近原生林水平;与桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)纯林比,旱冬瓜(Alnus nepalensis)-柏树(Cupressus spp.)混交林能更有效地促进氮素积累;自然状态下,土壤磷素和全钾含量随恢复年限的延长逐渐增加;土壤有机质与水解氮、全氮间呈极显著正相关;土壤水解氮与全氮、有效磷与全磷间表现为极显著正相关。总体上,植被恢复区土壤有机质普遍偏低,氮素普遍缺乏,磷素水平较高,钾素含量适中。从而为建立科学的矿区植被恢复模式提供参考。
Mine mining caused deterioration of the ecological environment in the mining area, and the restoration of vegetation is an effective measure to solve the ecological damage in the mining area. Field investigation and indoor analysis were combined to study the soil nutrient of man-made restoration woodland in the gob of Kunyang Phosphate Mine. The results showed that the soil of reclaimed forest was acidic. There was no significant difference in the soil nutrient contents between the reclaimed forest land of 10 years old and below. The difference of reclaimed forest land of 10 years old and below and 25 years old reclaimed forest reached the significant level. Organic matter content was close to the level of primary forest. Nitrogen accumulation was more effectively promoted by mixed with pure Eucalyptus spp. Than with Alnus nepalensis-Cupressus spp. In natural condition, soil P and The content of total potassium increased gradually with the increase of restoration years. There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter and hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen. Soil hydrolyzable nitrogen showed extremely significant and positive correlation with total nitrogen, available phosphorus and total phosphorus. In general, the soil organic matter in the vegetation restoration area is generally low, the nitrogen is generally lacking, the phosphorus level is higher, and the potassium content is moderate. Which will provide a reference for establishing a scientific mining area vegetation restoration model.