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马尔库什的(现代)文化哲学的一个核心观点是启蒙计划以深层的、明显不可解决的悖论(antinomies)而告终。但是,与大多数“后现代”思想家不同,马尔库什认为启蒙的承诺不能也不应该被放弃。这种张力存在于启蒙的失败与不能放弃启蒙的承诺之间,一方面启蒙想要创建自由的社会和平等的人,使每个人都能借助于理性高雅文化资源自律地生活,然而失败了;另一方面完全抛弃启蒙的承诺又是不可能的、不理想的,我们可以在马尔库什的“晚期现代性的悖论”中找到这种表述。本文对于马尔库什的概念进行了一种解释;认为马尔库什运用的“悖论”一词具有某种歧义性(在三种不同意义上的“矛盾对立”、“价值冲突”和“概念的非连贯性”之间来回摆动),同时指出马尔库什的追求与前两种意义一致,但是与第三种意义不一致,因此,第三种意义应该被抛弃。
A central point of Marcuse’s (modern) cultural philosophy is that the Enlightenment plan ended with deep, apparently irreconcilable antinomies. However, unlike most “postmodern” thinkers, Marcoussis believes that the promises of enlightenment can not and should not be abandoned. Such tensions exist between the failure of enlightenment and the unwillingness to give up enlightenment. On the one hand, enlightenment enlightens those who want to create a free society and equality so that everyone can live autonomously with the help of rational and elegant cultural resources; however, they fail. On the other hand, it is impossible to completely abandon the promises of enlightenment. If not, we can find such a statement in Marcuse’s Paradox of Late Modernity. This article gives an explanation of the concept of Marcuse, and holds that Marcuse’s use of the term “paradox” has some ambiguity (“contradictory” in three different senses Conflict “and” inconsistency of concept "), and points out that Marcuse’s pursuit is consistent with the former two meanings but not consistent with the third meaning. Therefore, the third meaning should be abandoned .