论文部分内容阅读
There are differences in the issue of population aging among China ’ s various ethnic groups.The aging process of some ethnic groups is very fast, and the structure of their population ag-ing belongs to a typical aging model .Some ethnic groups ’ aging process is relatively slow , and the structure of their aging still belongs to a young model.Moreover, the rate of aging of various eth-nic groups in the same region is also different , e-ven the rates and trends of aging within one specif-ic ethnic group also differ .Hence , the situation of population aging among minorities in China is very complicated .
Based on the data from three demographic censuses conducted in 1990, 2000 and 2010, this article analyzes the differences of population aging among various ethnic groups .
1.The Basic Situation of Population Aging a-mong Ethnic Minorities in China
According to the census , the population above age 60 among minority populations was 6.29 million in 1990.; It increased to 9.02 million in 2010;and reached above 11.75 million in 2010.The popula-tion above the age of 65 among the minority popula-tion was 4.05 million in 1990; 5.87 million in 1990;and reached 7.83 million in 2010.
According to typical international standards of population aging frameworks and statistics from the 2000 census , China ’ s population has already be-come an aging population .Among the total popula-tion of that year , 10.46%of the population was a-bove the age of 60;7.10% of the population was above the age of 65.Among the ethnic minority populations , 8.57% of the population was above the age of 60 , and 5.58% was above the age of
65.Hence, the minority population had not yet become a typical aging population .However , in 2010, the rate of aging in the total minority popu-lation further increased , and it also became a typi-cal aging population .
2 .Ethnic Differences of Population Aging a-mong the Minorities
There are 55 ethnic minorities in China , and the rate of aging among these minorities differs from each other.From 2000 to 2010, the rate of population aging of every ethnic minority was in-creasing .
3.The Impact of Population Aging on the Minority People and their Local Socioeconomic De-velopment
According to data from the demographic cen-sus, the aging trends among China ’ s ethnic mi-nority population will continue , and their rate of population aging will increase further over a fairly long period of time into the future .Moreover, be-cause the socioeconomic development level is rela-tively low in China ’ s ethnic minorities ’ areas, the situation of becoming an aging society under such background will result in a classic example of“Aging before Getting Rich”.This will influence the minorities and their local socioeconomic devel-opment from various aspects .
Seen from the perspective of supplies , the most direct impact of population aging is on labor supply .Secondly , population aging will influence the supply and formation of capital .Moreover , the large scale or rapid growth of the elderly will in-crease the expense of social insurance provided for the elderly as well as the government ’ s annual pension payments .This, in turn, will influence the formation of capital related to the government ’ s investment in ethnic minority areas where devel-opment mainly depends on the government ’ s in-vestment .In a word, the acceleration of the popu-lation’ s aging process will shorten the minority areas’ “population dividend” period, and reduce related economic benefits .
Seen from the perspective of demand , popula-tion aging will first influence the consumption mod-el.The change in the structure of population aging will cause the rate of social consumption and de-
posit to fluctuate , and in doing so will influence e-conomic development .Secondly , the development of sociocultural welfare services will not be able to adapt to the population aging .Thirdly, population aging will increase the needs of social services for the elderly.Fourthly, the constant increase of an aging population will reveal the strong need for health care for the elderly .
4.Concluding Comments and Policy Sugges-tions
Population aging is a trend that human society cannot avoid .The economic development level in ethnic minority areas in China is still low .It has entered an aging society when the per -capita in-come and its development level is still low . Hence, it is a typical type of “Aging before Get-ting Rich”.Therefore, we must pay attention to the issue of population aging in the socioeconomic development of the minority areas by:
1 ) Adjusting population policy as soon as possible by using a “positive aging policy” in order to address the issues of social pressure and eco-nomic burden during the process of population ag-ing.
2 ) Changing the methods , adjusting the structure , and accelerating the socioeconomic de-velopment in minorities ’ areas.
3) Exploiting and using fully “silver human resources” (i.e.the human capital of the elder-ly) , and accelerating the development of the serv-ices and industries related to the aging .
4 ) Constructing a social service institution with universal respect and love for the elderly by taking healthy aging as the core , and by widely en-couraging and adopting the participation of social intermediary organizations , volunteers and social resources .
Based on the data from three demographic censuses conducted in 1990, 2000 and 2010, this article analyzes the differences of population aging among various ethnic groups .
1.The Basic Situation of Population Aging a-mong Ethnic Minorities in China
According to the census , the population above age 60 among minority populations was 6.29 million in 1990.; It increased to 9.02 million in 2010;and reached above 11.75 million in 2010.The popula-tion above the age of 65 among the minority popula-tion was 4.05 million in 1990; 5.87 million in 1990;and reached 7.83 million in 2010.
According to typical international standards of population aging frameworks and statistics from the 2000 census , China ’ s population has already be-come an aging population .Among the total popula-tion of that year , 10.46%of the population was a-bove the age of 60;7.10% of the population was above the age of 65.Among the ethnic minority populations , 8.57% of the population was above the age of 60 , and 5.58% was above the age of
65.Hence, the minority population had not yet become a typical aging population .However , in 2010, the rate of aging in the total minority popu-lation further increased , and it also became a typi-cal aging population .
2 .Ethnic Differences of Population Aging a-mong the Minorities
There are 55 ethnic minorities in China , and the rate of aging among these minorities differs from each other.From 2000 to 2010, the rate of population aging of every ethnic minority was in-creasing .
3.The Impact of Population Aging on the Minority People and their Local Socioeconomic De-velopment
According to data from the demographic cen-sus, the aging trends among China ’ s ethnic mi-nority population will continue , and their rate of population aging will increase further over a fairly long period of time into the future .Moreover, be-cause the socioeconomic development level is rela-tively low in China ’ s ethnic minorities ’ areas, the situation of becoming an aging society under such background will result in a classic example of“Aging before Getting Rich”.This will influence the minorities and their local socioeconomic devel-opment from various aspects .
Seen from the perspective of supplies , the most direct impact of population aging is on labor supply .Secondly , population aging will influence the supply and formation of capital .Moreover , the large scale or rapid growth of the elderly will in-crease the expense of social insurance provided for the elderly as well as the government ’ s annual pension payments .This, in turn, will influence the formation of capital related to the government ’ s investment in ethnic minority areas where devel-opment mainly depends on the government ’ s in-vestment .In a word, the acceleration of the popu-lation’ s aging process will shorten the minority areas’ “population dividend” period, and reduce related economic benefits .
Seen from the perspective of demand , popula-tion aging will first influence the consumption mod-el.The change in the structure of population aging will cause the rate of social consumption and de-
posit to fluctuate , and in doing so will influence e-conomic development .Secondly , the development of sociocultural welfare services will not be able to adapt to the population aging .Thirdly, population aging will increase the needs of social services for the elderly.Fourthly, the constant increase of an aging population will reveal the strong need for health care for the elderly .
4.Concluding Comments and Policy Sugges-tions
Population aging is a trend that human society cannot avoid .The economic development level in ethnic minority areas in China is still low .It has entered an aging society when the per -capita in-come and its development level is still low . Hence, it is a typical type of “Aging before Get-ting Rich”.Therefore, we must pay attention to the issue of population aging in the socioeconomic development of the minority areas by:
1 ) Adjusting population policy as soon as possible by using a “positive aging policy” in order to address the issues of social pressure and eco-nomic burden during the process of population ag-ing.
2 ) Changing the methods , adjusting the structure , and accelerating the socioeconomic de-velopment in minorities ’ areas.
3) Exploiting and using fully “silver human resources” (i.e.the human capital of the elder-ly) , and accelerating the development of the serv-ices and industries related to the aging .
4 ) Constructing a social service institution with universal respect and love for the elderly by taking healthy aging as the core , and by widely en-couraging and adopting the participation of social intermediary organizations , volunteers and social resources .