原油的日趋重质化和劣质化导致炼厂劣质残渣油数量随之增大。目前劣质残渣油主要作为燃料油的调合组分或直接作为重质燃料油使用,经济效益和能量利用效率非常低,寻找高价值的加工和应用途径是目前急需解决的问题。劣质残渣油可通过掺炼延迟焦化、渣油加氢或渣油气化等常规工艺进行加工,但由于重金属、灰分等杂质含量高,应用常规工艺加工时存在装置损坏严重、结焦严重、管道堵塞等问题,而且产品质量差、催化剂更换频繁、成本高。劣质残渣油还可作为化工原料,如用作常减压蒸馏强化剂、道路沥青调合组分以及生产针状焦、生产炭黑、气化制氢等,应用非常广泛,但大多数处于实验阶段,工业应用需进一步研究。劣质残渣油热解气化技术具有原料适应性强、产品质量好等特点,对于解决炼厂劣质残渣油的出路问题极具潜力,应用前景广泛,目前正处于实验研究阶段。 Increasingly heavier and poorer crude oils have led to an increase in the number of inferior residual oils in the refinery. At present, the low-quality residual oil is mainly used as the blending component of the fuel oil or directly used as a heavy fuel oil, and the economic efficiency and energy utilization efficiency are very low. Looking for high-value processing and application approaches is an urgent problem to be solved. Poor quality residual oil can be processed by conventional processes such as delayed coking blending, residual oil hydrogenation or residue gasification. However, due to the high content of impurities such as heavy metals and ash, there are serious damage to equipment, serious coking and pipeline blockage during the conventional processing Problems, but also poor product quality, catalyst replacement frequent, high cost. Low-quality residual oil can also be used as chemical raw materials, such as the use of atmospheric and vacuum distillation enhancer, road asphalt blending components and the production of needle coke, carbon black, gasification hydrogen production, is widely used, but most in the experiment Stage, industrial application needs further study. Low-quality residual oil pyrolysis gasification technology has strong adaptability of raw materials, product quality and other characteristics, to solve the problem of low-grade refinery residue outlet great potential for a wide range of applications, is currently in experimental stage.