一、什么是经验研究一般而言,社会科学研究有两个目标:一是认识事物的特征、性质及其存在和变化的规律;二是通过对具体对象的研究进行理论提炼,概括出普遍性的概念和命题。进行中国农村研究,既要认识中国农村基本特征和性质,还可以透过具体的乡村实践来进行理论建构。这二者并不一定是统一的。以前者为主要目 First, what is empirical research In general, social science research has two objectives: First, recognize the characteristics of the things, nature and existence and change of the law; the second is through the theoretical study of specific objects refined to generalize the universality Concept and proposition. Carrying out research on China’s rural areas not only needs to recognize the basic characteristics and nature of rural China, but also enable theoretical construction through concrete rural practices. The two are not necessarily unified. The former is the main purpose