在甲午战争爆发前的数年间,日本政府积极扩军备战。然而,清政府驻日使团却未能通过情报收集预测战争的发生。对日情报收集失败的原因,在于清政府对外情报制度的落后以及驻日使团缺乏合理的人员配置等方面。由于对战争的到来缺乏准确的判断,清政府方面错过了加强国防建设抵御外来侵略的时机,且从甲午战争开始阶段就处于被动挨打的境地。 During the years before the Sino-Japanese War broke out, the Japanese government actively expanded its military preparations. However, the Qing government’s mission in Japan failed to predict the war through intelligence gathering. The reason for the failure of the collection of Japanese intelligence lies in the backwardness of the intelligence system of the Qing government and the lack of reasonable staffing of the mission in Japan. Due to the lack of accurate judgment on the arrival of the war, the Qing government missed the opportunity to strengthen its national defense against foreign aggression and was in a passive beating from the initial stage of the Sino-Japanese War.