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社会保障权是现代社会公民的基本人权,其蕴涵着人的生存和人的尊严的基本需要。社会保障权易受到私权利和公权力侵害,社会保障权司法救济机制的选择和构建依赖于社会保障权的法律内涵和特征。作为现代公民的社会权和宪法权利,社会保障权具有法律强制性、主体多元性、关系复合性、公益性和可诉性的特点。我国社会保障权司法救济主要是通过“双轨制”来实现的,即民事程序和行政程序。但这两种模式与相关保障制度的缺失和不足影响到社会保障权利的救济,有必要在现有的法律框架内通过改造行政复议程序和仲裁程序、建立专门的社会保障法庭、确立公益诉讼制度和完善相关的司法救助与法律责任制度来构建我国社会保障权的救济机制,充分保障公民社会保障权的实现。
Social security is the basic human right of modern social citizens, which contains the basic needs of human existence and human dignity. The right to social security is vulnerable to private and public rights. The choice and construction of the judicial relief system for social security depends on the legal connotation and characteristics of social security rights. As the social and constitutional rights of modern citizens, the right to social security has the characteristics of mandatory law, multiple subjects, complex relations, public welfare and litigation. The judicial remedy of social security right in our country is mainly realized through “dual system ”, namely the civil procedure and the administrative procedure. However, the lack of these two modes and related guarantee systems affect the relief of social security rights. It is necessary to establish special social security tribunals and establish public interest litigation system by reforming administrative review procedures and arbitration procedures within the existing legal framework And improve the related legal aid and legal liability system to build the relief mechanism of social security in China, and fully guarantee the realization of civil social security rights.