“义和团运动是一场反帝爱国的伟大的群众运动还是一场由意识落后、封建迷信的小农发起的民众运动?它缓和了帝国主义瓜分巾国的危机还足阻碍了中国现代化进程?”([美]周锡瑞《义和团运动的起源》,江苏人民出版社1994年版,中文版前言)这个问题一直困扰着人们。过去的100年里,义和团的性质和意义一直随意识形态的变化而变化,先后在五卅运动前后、60年代红卫兵运动和70年代的批林批 “Is the Boxer movement a great mass movement against imperialism and patriotism or is it a mass movement initiated by small-scale, backward-feudal and superstitious peasants? Does it ease the crisis of imperialists to divide the country and hamper the process of China’s modernization?” [US] Zhou Xirui “The Origins of the Boxers Movement”, Jiangsu People’s Publishing House, 1994 edition, Chinese Preface) This issue has plagued people. Over the past 100 years, the nature and significance of the Boxers have always changed with changes in ideology. The activities of the Red Guards Movement in the 1960s and the 1970s