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为明确氮肥底追比例与施硫间的互作效应,采用盆栽方式,以京冬8号和济麦20为供试材料,设置氮肥底追比例为3∶7(N_1)、5∶5(N_2)和7∶3(N_3)3个处理水平,每个底追比例下设置2个硫肥施用量:0kg·hm~(-2)(S0)和45kg·hm~(-2)(S_1),运用15N示踪技术研究开花期、成熟期营养器官及籽粒中氮素积累、分配以及对不同来源氮素利用的情况,同时对花后营养器官贮藏氮素的转运、对籽粒的贡献率及氮素利用效率进行分析比较。结果表明,2个小麦品种植株中积累氮素主要来自肥料氮,京冬8号成熟期来自肥料氮的积累量达60%~70%,而济麦20则达70%~80%。氮肥底追比例及硫肥互作对2个品种氮素吸收、转运和分配的影响存在差异,其中京冬8号成熟期籽粒氮素积累量、营养器官贮藏氮素花后的转运量、转运率、对籽粒的贡献率、籽粒产量以及氮肥的利用效率均在N_1S_0时较高;济麦20营养器官贮藏氮素花后的转运量、转运率、对籽粒的贡献率在N1S0时较高,而在N3S1时,成熟期籽粒氮素积累量、籽粒产量、氮肥的利用效率均较高。综上所述,本试验栽培环境下,氮肥底追比例为N1时能够提高花前贮藏氮素的转运量、转运率、对籽粒的贡献率、籽粒蛋白质含量及氮素收获指数;氮肥底追比例为N3时有利于提高籽粒产量、氮肥生产效率。综合考虑籽粒产量、氮肥生产效率、氮肥利用效率和氮素收获指数,京冬8号最优肥料组合为N_1S_0,济麦20最优肥料组合为N_3S_1。本研究结果为冬小麦大田生产中合理的肥料运筹提供了理论参考。
In order to clarify the interaction effect between nitrogen and bottom dressing ratio and sulfur application, pot-planting method was adopted, with Jingdong 8 and Jimai 20 as test materials, the ratio of bottom-dressing nitrogen fertilizer was 3: 7 (N_1), 5: 5 N 2) and 7: 3 (N 3) treatments, two sulfur fertilizers (0 kg · hm -2 (S0) and 45 kg · hm -2 (S 1 ), 15N tracing technique was used to study the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen in vegetative organs and grains at flowering and maturity stages, as well as the utilization of nitrogen from different sources. At the same time, the translocation of post-anthesis vegetative organs to nitrogen and the contribution to grain And nitrogen utilization efficiency analysis and comparison. The results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen in two wheat cultivars was mainly from fertilizer nitrogen. The accumulation of nitrogen from fertilizer was 60% -70% in Jingdong 8 and 70% -80% in Jimai 20. The effects of top-dressing ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer and sulfur-fertilizer interaction on nitrogen absorption, transport and distribution of two cultivars were different. Among them, the accumulation of nitrogen in Jingdong 8 maturity, the translocation after storage of nitrogen in vegetative organs, , The contribution to grain, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency were all higher at N_1S_0. The translocation rate, translocation rate and the contribution rate to grain of Nm 20 vegetative organs were higher at N1S0 At N3S1, grain nitrogen accumulation, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency were all higher in mature stage. In summary, under the experimental cultivation environment, nitrogen uptake ratio of N1 can improve translocation, translocation rate, contribution rate to grain, grain protein content and nitrogen harvest index of pre-anthesis storage nitrogen; The ratio of N3 is conducive to raising grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency. Considering grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index, the best fertilizer combination of Jingdong 8 was N_1S_0 and the optimal fertilizer combination of Jimai 20 was N_3S_1. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for rational fertilizer operation in field production of winter wheat.