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【目的】分析北京市3~6岁儿童血压与体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围(waist circumference,WC)的关系,探讨儿童高血压与肥胖及肥胖类型的关系。【方法】选取2004年4—10月进行的北京市儿童代谢综合征研究(Beijing children metabolic syndrome study,BCAMS)中1 862名3~6岁儿童(男942,女920人)为研究对象,分析其血压水平与BMI及WC的关系;以BMI标准分别划分儿童超重和肥胖,以WC标准划分腹型肥胖,分析肥胖与高血压状态的变化及其趋势。【结果】北京3~6岁儿童收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)和舒张压(diatolic blood pressure,DBP)均值按BMI和腰围正常、超重和肥胖组顺序依次升高;控制年龄和性别后,BMI、腰围与SBP和DBP呈独立正相关(P<0.001);超重组和肥胖组的高血压患病率均显著高于正常组(P<0.001),BMI肥胖组高血压患病率为45.9%,高血压发生风险是正常组的3.3倍;腹型肥胖组高血压患病率为38.6%,高血压患病风险是正常组的2.6倍。【结论】儿童BMI、WC与SBP和DBP呈正相关,用BMI和腰围评价的肥胖均可增加儿童高血压的患病风险,高血压患病率随着肥胖程度增加呈现成倍上升趋势。控制儿童BMI和腰围可以降低儿童血压水平,从而降低高血压发病风险。
【Objective】 To analyze the relationship between blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in children aged 3 ~ 6 years in Beijing and to explore the relationship between childhood hypertension and obesity and obesity types. 【Methods】 A total of 1 862 children aged 3 to 6 years old (942 males and 920 females) in Beijing children metabolic syndrome study (Beijing) from April to October in 2004 were selected as the research object The relationship between blood pressure and BMI and WC was analyzed. The children were overweight and obese with BMI criteria. The obesity was classified according to WC criteria. The changes and trends of obesity and hypertension were analyzed. 【Results】 The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diatolic blood pressure (DBP) in Beijing children aged 3 to 6 years increased in order of BMI, waist circumference, overweight and obesity. After controlling for age and gender, BMI and waist circumference were independently and positively correlated with SBP and DBP (P <0.001). The prevalence of hypertension in overweight and obesity groups was significantly higher than that in normal group (P <0.001), and the prevalence of hypertension in BMI obesity group was 45.9 %, The risk of hypertension is 3.3 times that of normal group; the prevalence of hypertension in abdominal obesity group is 38.6%, and the risk of hypertension is 2.6 times of the normal group. 【Conclusion】 There is a positive correlation between BMI, WC, SBP and DBP in children. The obesity assessed by BMI and waist circumference may increase the prevalence of hypertension in children. The prevalence of hypertension shows a doubling trend with the increase of obesity. Control of children with BMI and waist circumference can reduce the level of blood pressure in children, thereby reducing the risk of hypertension.