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目的调查钢铁厂工人职业卫生知识水平与健康服务需求,为实施干预措施提供基线资料。方法使用调查表对某钢铁厂1269名工人进行健康状况及相关卫生行为和职业病防治知识及健康教育需求调查,使用EXCEL建立数据库,SPSS 10.0软件进行统计分析。结果钢铁厂工人对职业病病因的回答准确率最高,为79.0%,不同文化程度工人之间掌握职业卫生知识情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);对改善劳动环境条件、增加劳动福利待遇、定期进行体检和职业病防治知识的需求率在50%以上,不同文化程度工人对高血压、糖尿病等慢性病防治知识、常见疾病的自我疗法、改善劳动环境条件的需求存在差异,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。钢铁厂工人的吸烟率接近50%。结论钢铁厂工人职业卫生服务需求率较高,文化程度对工人职业卫生知识水平与健康需求影响较大。
Objective To investigate the knowledge of occupational health and the demand of health service in steel mills and to provide baseline information for the implementation of intervention measures. Methods A questionnaire was used to survey the health status, health knowledge and health education needs of 1,269 workers in a steel plant. The database was established by EXCEL and SPSS 10.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The accuracy of answering the etiology of occupational diseases was the highest among steel workers (79.0%). There was significant difference between the different literacy levels in mastery of occupational health knowledge (P <0.01). With the improvement of working environment conditions, increasing labor welfare, The demand rate of regular physical examination and occupational disease prevention knowledge is above 50%. Workers of different educational level have different requirements on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, self-treatment of common diseases and improvement of working environment conditions, and the differences are statistically significant (P <0.01). Smoking rates at steelworks workers are close to 50%. Conclusion The demand rate of occupational health service of steel factory workers is high, and the educational level has a great influence on the occupational health knowledge level and health demand of workers.