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德国延续了二十余年的“两个半政党制”被“流动五党制”取代。在2009年秋季大选中,左翼党取得了其有史以来的最好成绩,再次确立了其在联邦议院中的地位,其他小党也取得了不俗的成绩;同时全民党、尤其是社民党的失利让人触目惊心。本文根据尼德梅耶确定“两党主导”的温和多党制的标准,认为2009年大选使得德国完成了从“两党主导”型到多元化型的类型转变,而“两党主导”特征水平的下降事实上从1980年代就已开始。作者分析了2009年完成这一类型变化的原因和该变化对德国政治格局的影响,最后讨论了德国政党体制的前景。
Germany has been in existence for more than 20 years and “two and a half parties” have been replaced by “mobile five-party system.” In the autumn 2009 general election, the left-wing party won its best ever record and once again established its position in the Bundestag. Other small parties also achieved impressive results. At the same time, the failure of the SPD, especially the SPD, Shocking. According to the standard of moderate multiparty determined by Nied Mayer, “bipartisan domination”, we believe that the general election in 2009 led to the completion of the type transition from “bipartisan domination” to pluralism in Germany, and “ The decline in the ”bipartisan" character has in fact begun in the 1980s. The author analyzes the reasons for the completion of this type of change in 2009 and the impact of the change on the German political landscape. Finally, the prospect of the German party system is discussed.