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目的对2014年国家食品安全国家标准跟踪评价项目中GB2762-2012《国家食品安全标准食品中污染物限量》进行跟踪评价,以了解标准的实施情况并提出建议。方法对企业人员、监管部门、检验机构、科研专家四类调查对象开展问卷调查,调查内容包括一般性评价和具体技术评价;对2014年国家食品安全风险监测计划涉及的8类食品类别进行指标验证,检测指标为铅、镉、总汞、总砷、铬、镍,分析各类食品样本指标合格率。结果问卷调查结果显示调查对象对GB 2762-2012知晓率为100%,100位调查对象对标准整体满意度、整体可操作性、整体合理性评分均较高,不同调查对象的评分总体比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中企业人员对于这三方面评分最高,检验机构调查对象对以上方面评分最低;全体调查对象对标准中13项污染物指标的合理性评分均较高,不同指标的总体评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中镉指标合理性评分最低,多氯联苯指标合理性评分最高。指标验证中2 657份食品样本各污染物监测指标合格率均在90%及以上,小麦粉、玉米粉、新鲜水果、蛋类各污染物检测指标均合格,386份大米样本中铅、镉、总汞合格率分别为99.2%、90.2%、95.1%;668份肉类样本中铅、镉、总汞、铬合格率分别为98.4%、95.0%、98.9%、91.6%。结论GB2762整体较为完善,但仍需加强宣贯及理解;大米及肉类食品重金属污染值得重视。
Objective To track and evaluate the GB2762-2012 “National Food Safety Standard for Contaminants in Foods” in the 2014 National Food Safety Standard Tracking Project to understand the implementation of standards and make recommendations. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on four types of respondents including enterprise personnel, regulatory authorities, inspection agencies and scientific experts. The survey included general evaluation and specific technical evaluation. The indicators of 8 categories of foodstuffs involved in the 2014 national food safety risk monitoring plan were verified , The test indicators for lead, cadmium, total mercury, total arsenic, chromium, nickel, analysis of various types of food samples indicators pass rate. Results The survey results showed that the respondents’ awareness rate of GB 2762-2012 was 100%. 100 respondents rated the overall standard satisfaction, the overall operability and the overall rationality as high as possible. The overall scores of different respondents were different Statistical significance (P <0.05), in which the enterprise staff for these three aspects of the highest score, the inspection agency survey of the above aspects of the lowest score; all the respondents on the standard of the 13 indicators of the reasonableness of the indicators were higher, different indicators (P <0.05). Among them, cadmium index had the lowest reasonableness score and PCBs had the highest rationality score. Indicators validation 2 657 food samples of pollutants monitoring indicators pass rate of 90% and above, wheat flour, corn flour, fresh fruits, eggs, all pollutants detection indicators were qualified, 386 samples of rice lead, cadmium, total The pass rates of mercury were 99.2%, 90.2% and 95.1% respectively. The pass rates of lead, cadmium and total mercury and chromium in 668 meat samples were 98.4%, 95.0%, 98.9% and 91.6% respectively. Conclusion GB2762 as a whole is more perfect, but still need to strengthen publicity and understanding; heavy metal pollution in rice and meat products deserves attention.