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生命度和事件结构都是动词反致使化的核心语义元素。事件结构影响动词表达的事件类型;词汇语义表征为包含外部致使子事件和状态改变子事件的复合事件结构,是动词反致使化的语义标准之一。生命度影响动词论元的语义角色:首先,动词的主语论元应不受生命度的限制,既可以指具有高度施事性的人或有生动物,也可以指无施事性的自然力等无生事物;其次,动词的客体论元应表示无生命事物,语料库检索结果显示此处的无生物不仅仅指具体有形的物质实体,也包括抽象事物。修饰语在反致使句式中的分布也可以证实论元语义角色的生命度限制。
Life degree and event structure are the core semantic elements of the verb. The event structure affects the type of event expressed by the verb. The lexical semantic representation is a composite event structure that includes the external-induced sub-events and the state-changed sub-events, which is one of the semantic standards that the verb has become counter-productive. The degree of life influences the semantic roles of the verb argument: First, the subject argument of the verb should not be limited by the degree of life, either as a person with a high degree of sexuality or as a living animal, or as a non-acting natural force, etc. There are no living things; secondly, the object argument of the verb should indicate the non-living things, the corpus retrieval results show that the non-living here refers not only to the concrete physical entities but also to abstract things. The distribution of modifiers in the anti-causative sentence also confirms the life-limit of the arithmanous role.