利用多晶X射线面探测器衍射系统对304奥氏体不锈钢板在拉伸状态下的应力及其分布进行了检测分析。结果表明,在受到单向拉伸时原有的表面平均压应力σ_(xx)减小,σ_(yy)增加;在受到双向拉伸时,原有的表面平均压应力σ_(xx)和σ_(yy)均减小;最大压应力也是如此变化;缺陷(人为制造的方孔和圆孔)对平均应力影响不大,对最大应力影响较大。通过有限元模拟计算,实验结果和模拟结果的应力分布和变化趋势符合较好。 The stress and distribution of 304 austenitic stainless steel under tensile stress were analyzed by using the polycrystalline X-ray detector diffraction system. The results show that the original mean compressive stress σx (xx) decreases and σ_ (yy) increases when subjected to uniaxial tensioning. The original average compressive stress σx (xx) and σ_ (yy) are reduced; the maximum compressive stress is also so change; defects (artificial square holes and holes) have little effect on the average stress, a greater impact on the maximum stress. Through the finite element simulation calculation, the stress distribution and trend of the experimental and simulation results are in good agreement.