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针对航天器空间碎片防护问题,基于缩放实验方法,开展了7km/s以上超高速碰撞仿真研究.建立了单板和Whipple防护结构的仿真模型,并对铝-铝撞击问题和镉-镉撞击问题进行了多工况仿真.通过实验结果与数值仿真的对比,表明了数值仿真技术的正确性,并从仿真角度验证了缩放实验方法的有效性.对缩放实验方法的适用性进行了仿真验证,结果表明该方法对弹丸形状适用性较好,对3～4 km/s以上撞击速度的适用性较好,但对Whipple防护结构后板存在一定误差.分析了Whipple结构后板的失效模式,提出了失效模式的不连续性导致了缩放实验方法的误差.最后通过数值仿真计算了Whipple结构7 km/s以上弹道极限特性,提出了失效模式的不连续性造成了在该速度段弹道极限曲线的分叉现象.
In order to solve the space debris protection problem of spacecraft, based on the scaling experiment, a simulation research on the ultra-high-speed crash at over 7km / s was carried out. The simulation model of the veneer and the Whipple guard structure was established. The impact of aluminum-aluminum impact and cadmium-cadmium impact The simulation of multi-conditions is carried out.Comparison between the experimental results and numerical simulation shows that the numerical simulation technology is correct, and the validity of the scaling experiment method is verified from the simulation point of view.The applicability of the scaling experiment method is verified by simulation, The results show that this method has good applicability to projectile shape and good applicability to impact velocities above 3 ~ 4 km / s, but there is a certain error on the rear plate of Whipple protective structure.The failure mode of Whipple structural back plate is analyzed, The discontinuity of the failure mode leads to the error of the scaling experimental method.Finally, the limit characteristic of the Whipple structure above 7 km / s is calculated by numerical simulation, and the discontinuity of the failure mode is proposed to make the ballistic limit curve Bifurcation.