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近年来,以污染事故,环境灾害、生态危机为代表的突发性环境事件逐渐为公众所重视,在突发性环境事件的应急管理中,我国在实践中建立起相关的应急机制,但是无论从法律规范还是从管理体系,都显现出一系列不足,本文分析了国外突发事件应急管理制度在立法和运行模式上的特点,并以美国为例介绍了以宪法为中心,由一整套的法令、政策为背景,由从地方到州再到联邦的各级应急机构为组织所构成的较为完备的突发性环境事件应急管理体系。这种体系的总特征为“宪法和法律授权,行政首长领导,中央协调,地方负责”。
In recent years, sudden environmental incidents such as pollution accidents, environmental disasters and ecological crises have gradually become public attention. In the emergency management of sudden environmental incidents, China has set up relevant emergency mechanisms in practice. However, From the legal norms or from the management system, have shown a series of deficiencies, this article analyzes the overseas emergency management system in the legislative and operational characteristics of the model, and the United States as an example introduces the constitution as the center, from a set of Ordinances and policies as the background, emergency agencies at all levels from the local state to the federal state to the federal organizations are the more complete emergencies management system for environmental incidents. The general characteristics of such a system are “constitutional and legal empowerment, executive leadership, central coordination, local responsibility.”