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本文利用切音字运动的资料,研究清末对方言的认识。1、“方言”的概念已基本建立,但是方言与语言的界限还不明了,没有把握住方言的本质。2、当时官话仍有南派、北派之分,南派官话有相当高的地位,清末是南北官话的权势关系发生重要转变的时期,北派官话的地位正逐渐超过南派官话。3、当时已清醒认识到,方言分歧妨碍交际、教育和国民团结,应统一语言,消除方言分歧。切音字运动对方言的认识,应该是达到了扬雄以来方言研究的高峰。切音字运动促使以北京话为代表的北派官话向国语标准的地位发展,为现代汉民族共同语的建立作出了永垂史册的贡献。
In this paper, we use the data of the Chinese phonetic movement to study the dialect understanding in the late Qing Dynasty. 1, the concept of “dialect” has been basically established, but the boundary between dialect and language is not clear, and the essence of dialect is not grasped. At that time, there was still a south school, a north school, and a south school Mandarin. The late Qing Dynasty was a period of significant changes in the power relations between North and South Mandarin. The position of the North School Mandarin is gradually surpassing that of the South School Mandarin. At that time, it was soberly realized that differences in dialect impede communication, education and national unity and should unify the language and eliminate dialect differences. The understanding of the dialectal movement by the phonetic movement should reach the peak of dialect study since Yang Xiong. The Phonetic transcription movement led to the development of the standard of Mandarin in Beijing dialect, represented by the Beijing dialect, and made a contribution to the establishment of the common language of the Han people.