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目的:探讨交叉韧带血管构筑特点、为韧带损伤的重建提供解剖学依据。方法:通过股动脉红色乳胶灌注并解剖观察、墨汁灌注组织透明、组织切片等方法,研究交叉韧带的动脉来源、分布特点并测量韧带内微血管密度。结果:前、后交叉韧带的动脉分别来源于膝中动脉、髌下脂肪垫以及膝下外动脉的分支。多数韧带内血管沿长轴走行,同时也有横向交通的小血管,血管网呈梯状或平行的丛状。近侧端和远侧端较密而中间部相对稀疏。结论:交叉韧带血供存在如下特点:①中心区为明显的乏血管区;②中间段边缘区也相对乏血管;③韧带两端血供最丰富,且近侧段好于远侧段。
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of cruciate ligament vascular architecture and provide anatomical basis for the reconstruction of ligament injury. Methods: The arteries of the cruciate ligaments were dissected and anatomized by perfusion and dissection of the femoral artery. The perfusion of the ink was transparent and histological sections were taken. The arterial origin and distribution of the cruciate ligaments were studied and the microvessel density in the ligaments was measured. Results: The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments originated from the branches of the middle knee artery, the infrapatellar fat pad and the extra-lateral knee artery, respectively. Most ligaments within the blood vessels along the long axis of travel, but also horizontal traffic of small blood vessels, vascular network was ladder-like or parallel to the plexus. The proximal and distal ends are relatively dense and the middle portion is relatively sparse. Conclusion: The cruciate ligament blood supply has the following characteristics: ① central area is obviously lack of vascular area; ② the middle segment of the marginal zone is also relatively lack of blood vessels; ③ ligaments blood supply is most abundant, and the proximal segment is better than the distal segment.