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新型农村合作医疗制度(简称新农合)是由政府组织、引导、支持,农民自愿参加,个人、集体和政府多方筹资,以大病统筹为主的农民医疗互助共济制度。中国有13亿人口,其中多数生活在农村,农民的医疗卫生问题一直受到政府的关注。20世纪80年代以后,随着经济体制改革的推进,合作医疗赖以生存的集体经济逐渐解体,加上制度本身固有的缺陷,传统合作医疗开始出现大面积滑坡,大部分农民成为自费医疗群体,疾病经济负担日益沉重,“因病致贫、因病返贫”问题十分突出。
The new rural cooperative medical system (referred to as NRCMS) is a system of mutual aid and mutual assistance by peasants organized by the government, guided and supported by peasants, volunteered by individuals, collectives and governments, and coordinated by serious diseases. China has a population of 1.3 billion, most of whom live in rural areas. Peasants’ health problems have always been the concern of the government. Since the 1980s, with the advancement of the economic reform, the collective economy based on the cooperative medical service has been gradually disintegrated. With the inherent defects of the system itself, the traditional cooperative medical care has started to decline in a large area. Most of the peasants have become self-supporting medical groups, The economic burden of the disease is getting heavier and heavier. The problem of poverty due to illness and return to poverty due to illness is prominent.